A Nobel Prize is an award given for outstanding achievement in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, peace, or literature. The awards were established by the will of Alfred Nobel, who left a fund to provide annual prizes in the five areas listed above. The Nobel Prizes are regarded as the most prestigious prizes in the world and were first given in 1901.
Each prize consists of a gold medal, a sum of money, and a diploma with the citation of award. The amount of money available for each prize varies from year to year. The Nobel Prizes are awarded without regard to nationality; the judges are, by the terms of Nobel's will, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (physics and chemistry, as well as economic science), the Swedish Royal Caroline Medico-Surgical Institute (physiology or medicine), the Swedish Academy (literature), and a committee elected by the Norwegian parliament (peace). The awards are made on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, the Peace Prize being presented in Oslo and the others in Stockholm. A prize is sometimes shared; several times the Nobel Peace Prize has been given to an organization.
Australia has a long history of Nobel Prize winning scientists in biotechnology-related fields.
Visit the links below to learn more about past Nobel Prize winning scientists in biotechnology-related fields.
Florey (1945) for penicillin
Eccles (1963) for neuroscience